The CDF plot of the received downlink SINR is shown in Fig. 7) and demonstrates the improvement in the downlink coverage after deploying the UAVs. 11 shows how UAVs are positioned to fill the coverage gaps in the baseline scenario (see Fig. 11: Ray tracing coverage map after adding two DF UAVs.įig. 10: Received downlink SINR map at backhaul link of a single UAV. The best positions for the two UAVs are found to be ( − 20, 200 ) and ( 20, − 200 ). Hence, the UAVs can be placed anywhere where the received SINR in Fig. We set the SINR threshold to 15 d B in the proposed ray tracing scenario. On the other hand, the UAVs are positioned such that the signal coverage is maximized at the ground user level while taking into account minimizing the inter-cell interference levels. On one hand, each UAV must be positioned in a location where the received backhaul SINR from the IAB-donor is above a specific threshold. In particular, we conduct ray tracing simulation to generate the coverage map of the received SINR at the backhaul links, as depicted in Fig. 9, taking into consideration the inter-UAV interference to be at low levels. We utilize two UAVs to fill in the coverage gaps in Fig. 8: AF relaying mode: CDF of downlink received SINR. 7: Ray tracing coverage map after adding two AF UAVs. The deployed UAVs leverage their Line-of-Sight (LOS) capabilities and fill the coverage gaps as shown in the received downlink SINR coverage map in Fig. The two UAVs are positioned almost at the middle of a four-way intersection at an altitude of 200m. Based on the UAV positioning and transmission power mapping approach, introduced in section III-A, the best positions for the two UAVs are found to be ( − 50, 150 ) and ( − 50, − 150 ). The IAB-donor and any UAV has a maximum downlink transmission power of 10 and 5 watts, respectively. Given its out-of-band nature, the access links of UAVs operate at a different frequency, which is the 60 GHz frequency band. In the considered UAV-assisted OB-IAB scenario, 30 GHz frequency band is used for the downlink transmissions of backhaul and access links of the IAB-donor. 2, in which a single IAB-donor is positioned at the ( − 700, 0 ) position and at an altitude of 25 m. We consider the same baseline deployment scenario, shown previously in Fig. In this section, we show the coverage improvement due to deploying two UAVs in the UAV-assisted OB-IAB mmWave network. We demonstrate, with the aid of ray tracing simulations, the performance gains of the proposed relaying modes in terms of downlink coverage, and the received signal to interference and noise ratio (SINR). Furthermore, we propose an adaptive UAV transmission power for the AF relaying.
We show how the 3D deployment of UAVs can be defined based on the coverage ray tracing maps at access and backhaul links. In doing so, we propose the implementation of amplify-and-forward (AF) and decode-and-forward (DF) relaying mechanisms in the WinProp software.
Ray tracing using winprop software#
Specifically, we utilize the WinProp software package, which employs ray tracing methodology, to study the propagation characteristics of outdoor mmWave channels at 30 and 60 GHz frequency bands in a Manhattan-like environment. In this paper, we analyze the potential coverage gains of using unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), as hovering relays, in integrated access and backhaul (IAB) mmWave cellular scenarios. However, the high path-loss at mmWave frequencies poses severe challenges. The use of Millimeter-wave (mmWave) spectrum in cellular communications has recently attracted growing interest to support the expected massive increase in traffic demands.
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